Heart Arrhythmias: Know the Symptoms, Causes & Treatments
Heart arrhythmias refer to unusual heart rhythms that arise when the heart’s electrical system misfires. In a healthy heart, electrical impulses coordinate each beat; with heart arrhythmias, the rhythm may be too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia), or irregular. Understanding how heart arrhythmias present helps people recognize when to seek evaluation. Symptoms of heart arrhythmias vary from person to person. Many people notice palpitations—a fluttering, racing, or skipping sensation in the chest. Some may feel lightheaded, dizzy, faint, or short of breath, especially with activity. In some cases, heart arrhythmias cause chest discomfort or fatigue. Keeping track of when episodes occur, how long they last, and any accompanying symptoms can be helpful for an evaluation. Causes and risk factors for heart arrhythmias include structural changes in the heart, ischemic heart disease, high blood pressure, electrolyte imbalances, thyroid problems, and certain medications or substances. Lifestyle factors such as stress, sleep deprivation, alcohol use, or stimulant intake can influence rhythm. Family history and aging can also play a role. Often more than one factor contributes to the development of heart arrhythmias. When to seek medical care: if you experience chest pain, fainting, or severe shortness of breath, seek prompt care. For persistent or recurrent episodes, schedule an evaluation with a clinician who can review your symptoms, perform a physical exam, and order tests to assess rhythm. Diagnosis of heart arrhythmias guides discussion of potential management options, which are tailored to the type and underlying cause and determined by a qualified healthcare professional.
